The European Commission, according to a press release from the EU IP/08/342 issued in Brussels, 28 February 2008, has sent Spain a formal request to amend its discriminatory anti-abuse rules in the corporate tax area according to which income originating from specific Member States or territories of the EU is taxed more heavily than domestic income.
This affects primarily the Controlled Foreign Companies legislation, dividend distribution and depreciation rules when a company is located in one of the denominated "tax havens", which still includes Gibraltar, although it is clear the willingness of the Gibraltar government to cooperate with OECD rules and its compliance with EU mandate.
The Commission considers these rules incompatible with the freedoms of the EC Treaty. This request is in the form of a reasoned opinion, the second stage of the infringement procedure under Article 226 of the Treaty. If Spain does not amend its law within two months, the Commission may refer the case to the Court of Justice.
In respect of Controlled Foreign Companies legislation in the EU member states, the European Court of Justice has made clear that, in the granting of a tax advantage, the distinction made on the basis of the subsidiary's seat constitutes a difference in treatment which is not compatible with Article 43 of the EC Treaty, which guarantees the freedom of establishment. The Court has also recently stated that a national measure restricting freedom of establishment may be justified where it specifically relates to wholly artificial arrangements aimed solely at escaping national tax normally due and where it does not go beyond what is necessary to achieve that purpose.
Under usual tax rules, a subsidiary, established in one Member State is only taxed in another Member State on the income generated by a permanent establishment (branch) of that company in the latter. Under Spanish CFC legislation, the profits of a subsidiary established in Member States or territories of the EU qualified as tax havens are taxed in the hands of the parent company in Spain as they arise and not only upon distribution, as would have been the case if the subsidiary had been located in another Member State or in Spain. The rational behind this was the opacity in which the companies located in the tax havens used to operate. This may be applicable in other jurisdictions outside the EU territories
The Commission considers that the Spanish legislation is contrary to Community law: It goes beyond what is necessary, since it is applicable not only to wholly artificial arrangements but also to parent companies controlling subsidiaries carrying out genuine economic activities in those Member States or territories.
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